Indigenous Land Sovereignty

"Pipelines pose a detrimental threat to the environment and communities located nearthem. According to the FracTracker Alliance, the U.S. contains 2.7 million miles of pipelines that transport natural gas and hazardous liquids. A signicant number of
these pipelines are placed near communities or near locations that hold cultural or
ecological signicance. Pipeline spill incidents are attributed to over 34 million gallons
of hazardous liquids spilled."

"The FracTracker Alliance conducted a study tracking all of the pipeline-related
incidents between January 2010 and November 2018. Their ndings reported over
5,000 incidents, 596 injuries, 126 fatalities, over 29,000 evacuations, 808 res, 219
explosions, and over $4 million in damages"

The article also talks about current day DAPL, which states: "Although effort has been made to stop the operation of DAPL, the battle stillcontinues. Land sovereignty is a right of Indigenous communities serving to protect and preserve Indigenous land. However, this is not true when pipelines such as DAPL are constructed and operate on Indigenous lands interfering with full ownership of Indigenous lands."

I think that this article is really interesting, because it shows every action that the Standing Rock Souix tribe has taken to oppose the DAPL. This article also shows the orignial proposed map of the DAPL which was above Bismark, a predominately white city, and the actual DAPL which is about a mile above the Standing Rock Reservation. 

I think the most important aspect of this article is the inclusion of a letter written by Anna Lee, titled MNI WICONI: WATER IS LIFE. She talks about the history of the land which they live, and how important small gardens are in the community, and how the DAPL can impact that negitively should it have a spill. 

This article from Harvard's Environmental and Energy Program, talks about how the DAPL has to get a Environmental Impact Survey completed, however, it states that the pipeline will stay active during this time. The Survey should be completed sometime this year.

The article also talks about some environmental impacts that might be seen because of the pipeline. These include, greenhouse gas emissions from the crude oil carred through the pipeline, and potential oil spills and how that will harm the land, and water.

This article esentially talks about everything you might need to know with DAPL. One of the most important sections is the section on the history of Environmental Racism which shows how systemic racism is a problem in our country. They state that "the DAPL issue is yet another reminder of how the U.S. government has exploited Indigenous Peoples". 

The article then specifically talks about ETP's abismal record with environmental harm. "The Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) has issued 106 safety violations to ETP since 2002, including failures to conduct corrosion inspections, to maintain pipeline integrity, and to repair unsafe pipelines in a timely manner (within five years). ETP owns more than 125,000 miles of petroleum pipelines throughout the country, about 11,000 of which transport crude oil."

"ETP had 527 pipeline incidents that spilled 3.6 million gallons of hazardous liquids. Of these incidents, 275 contaminated soil and 67 sullied water resources"

This article from the ACLU, talks about the potential harms that a leak in the Missouri River would cause. That it would not only affect Indigenous land, but drinking water for 18 million people who use the Missouri for drinking water. 

This article also talks about potential corruption with the ETP contributing heavily to Trumps campain.